Chlorpyrifos Removal in an Artificially Contaminated Soil Using Novel Bacterial Strains and Cyclodextrin. Evaluation of Its Effectiveness by Ecotoxicity Studies

The removal of chlorpyrifos (CLP) from the environment is a matter general interest, because it one most widely used insecticides in world but presents high toxicity and persistence environment. Biological strategies are considered as good option to remediate different environmental compartments. Assisted natural attenuation was find ability kinds soils mineralise CLP. In this way, two showed capacity degrade CLP (R LL up 47.3% 61.4% after 100 d, respectively). Thus, CLP-degrading strains, Bacillus megaterium CCLP1 safensis CCLP2 were isolated them, showing 99.1 98.9% solution with an initial concentration 10 mg L−1 60 d. Different for increasing effectiveness soil bioremediation: (i) biostimulation, using nutrients (NS); (ii) bioaugmentation, B. or CCLP2; (iii) bioavailability enhancement, randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB), biodegradable compound. When bioaugmentation RAMEB jointly inoculated applied, best biodegradation results achieved (around 70%). At end assay, test check final state bioremediated soil, observing that when degrading strains studied individually into reduced undetectable levels.